Steve Utkus oversees the Vanguard Center for Retirement Research, which studies many aspects of retirement in America—from how individuals start saving and investing in the early part of their careers, to how they prepare for actual retirement, to how they spend down their savings once they’re retired.
How does your ability to make financial decisions change over time?
One research study suggests that, across the population, financial skill follows a hump-shaped pattern. In our youth, we start with low levels of financial knowledge. Over time, our ability grows through experience. However, as we age, our cognitive faculties begin to decline. Over time, the decline in ability outpaces the growth in experience, and as a result our net ability falls. Hence the idea of a hump-shaped curve: from a low in youth, to a peak in middle age, to a slope downward in our older years.
There are only two reasons you appear on the cover of Time magazine—either you are receiving plaudits from the media, or you’re about to be tarred and feathered. 401(k)s are featured on the cover of Time this week, and it’s not because they’ve been named “plan of the year.”
Should you invest differently given the impending retirement of tens of millions of baby boomers? This is a question I’ve received from advisors and investors in recent weeks, and one which, quite frankly, I’ve given little thought to throughout the financial crisis. (It always seemed like a topic of conversation when the Dow was at 14,000 and not at 7,000.)
The national debate on health reform has me thinking about a particular angle of the question: paying for health care in retirement. Let’s put aside for the moment long-term care costs (i.e., nursing homes) and focus on regular medical care—doctors’ bills, hospital fees, drugs, and so forth.
Each year in August we publish a compendium of statistics about 401(k) plans administered at Vanguard. As the report covers over 3 million American participants, it often generates a lot of interest from the media, policymakers, consultants, and employers. (You’re certainly welcome to read the entire book—please do!—but for the CliffsNotes version, just take a look at the executive summary.)
